Goats are mainly kept for meat, milk, manure, wool and immediate source of income. Livestock production is a tremendous enterprise in East African countries where about 56% of livestock wealth in Africa is maintained. Goats form an integral part of animal production in most rural and urban communities, their economic advantage is primarily associated with the case of handling as it favors small scale investment minimum risk of loss and high reproductive efficiency. Fomites such as water and feed troughs, as well as bedding can also transmit disease for a short time, but do not remain infectious for long periods. Several factors like overpopulated herd size, less ventilation and poor management system can predispose to disease. ![]() Goats are usually exposed to vulnerable diseases and harsh conditions due to nonchalant attitudes of the farmers, where they allowed their animals scavenge freely on the streets without proper monitoring and sometimes subjected to extreme starvation with little or no concern to their well-being. It incurs increase in the cost of production, reduces production rate, which directly or indirectly affects the quantity and quality of animal products and causes a great loss to the farmer. Diseases are very important to farmers and affect the production of small ruminants in several ways. Various organisms like bacteria, fungal, parasite, protozoa, rickettsia and viruses are said to caused goat diseases, low quality feeds and poor management practice can predispose to metabolic disorders, which can caused losses due to reduced productivity and death. Disease is an abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of a body system of an animal. Factors affecting livestock production in most countries includes diseases, poor management and lack of proper breeding policies. Goat diseases can cause huge economic loss to the farmers due to high intensity to goat farming with poor management practices.
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